@article {2821,
	title = {Landscape controls of long-term runoff in sub-humid heterogeneous Boreal catchments},
	journal = {Hydrological Processes},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017},
	pages = {2737-2751},
	abstract = {We compared median runoff (R) and precipitation (P) relationships over 25 years from 20 mesoscale (50 to 5,000 km2) catchments on theBoreal Plains, Alberta, Canada, to understand controls on water sink and source dynamics in water-limited, low-relief northern environments.Long-term catchment R and runoff efficiency (RP-1) were low and varied spatially by over an order of magnitude (3 to 119 mm/year, 1 to 27\%).Intercatchment differences were not associated with small variations in climate. The partitioning of P into evapotranspiration (ET) and R insteadreflected the interplay between underlying glacial deposit texture, overlying soil-vegetation land cover, and regional slope. Correlation andprincipal component analyses results show that peatland-swamp wetlands were the major source areas of water. The lowest estimates ofmedian annual catchment ET (321 to 395 mm) and greatest R (60 to 119 mm, 13 to 27\% of P) were observed in low-relief, peatland-swampdominated catchments, within both fine-textured clay-plain and coarse-textured glacial deposits. In contrast, open-water wetlands and deciduous-mixedwood forest land covers acted as water sinks, and less catchment R was observed with increases in proportional coverage of theseland covers. In catchments dominated by hummocky moraines, long-term runoff was restricted to 10 mm/year, or 2\% of P. This reflects thepoor surface-drainage networks and slightly greater regional slope of the fine-textured glacial deposit, coupled with the large soil-water anddepression storage and higher actual ET of associated shallow open-water marsh wetland and deciduous-forest land covers. Thisintercatchment study enhances current conceptual frameworks for predicting water yield in the Boreal Plains based on the sink and source\&nbsp;
functions of glacial landforms and soil-vegetation land covers. It offers the capability within this hydro-geoclimatic region to design reclaimedcatchments with desired hydrological functionality and associated tolerances to climate or land-use changes and inform land management decisionsbased on effective catchment-scale conceptual understanding.KEYWORDSBoreal Plains, catchment evapotranspiration, glacial landforms, intercatchment comparison, land cover, regional runoff},
	author = {Devito, K.J. and Hokanson, K. J. and Moore, P. and Anderson, A. and Chasmer, L. and Hopkinson, C. and Kettridge, N. and Mendoza, C. A. and Peters, D. L. and Petrone, R. and Silins, U. and Smerdon, B. and Morrisette, J. and Waddington, J. M.}
}
