Lectures and labs offered during the spring semester in odd-numbered years. The focus is on the biodiversity, systematics, evolution, and comparative functional biology of selected Invertebrate phyla, and also the animal-like protists. The second focus is on integrative aspects of Invertebrate Biology and includes concepts such as colonialism and modularity, life-history variation, developmental systems, predator avoidance strategies, parasitism, and symbioses.

Textbook: Pechenik, JA. 2010.  Biology of the Invertebrates, 6th Ed. McGraw-Hill, Boston.